麦草化学机械浆过氧化氢漂白工艺优化的研究

探讨了过氧化氢(H2O2)漂白麦草化学机械浆的各种影响因素。优化后的工艺条件为:H2O26%(质量分数,下同),浆浓20%,MgSO40.05%,二乙烯三胺五乙酸(DTPA)0.3%,Na2SiO35.0%,NaOH3.5%,漂白温度80℃,漂白时间2.5h,白度可以达到53%(ISO),能够满足配抄普通文化用纸的要求。     

中竹集团竹浆原料林基地建设现状

中竹纸业集团是目前中国最大的漂白硫酸盐竹浆生产企业，从事竹资源综合利用和深加工。公司采用建设竹浆原料林基地的方法促进竹浆产业的发展，使中国的竹资源得到有效的利用。本文就竹林基地建设的发展，公司＋农户的管理模式以及经营理念进行了阐述。     

木材漂白的研究现状与趋势

随着木材工业、造纸工业及人造纤维业的强劲发展，木材漂白的新技术不断涌现。文中在分析了大量文献的基础上，比较详细地综述了国内外木材漂白的基本原理、常用药剂及其选择原则和几种主要的漂白机理，简述了我国学者在应用上所取得的主要成果，并提出了今后的一些研究方向。     

毛白杨蓝变木材漂白处理技术研究

木材是一种生物材料,是天然合成的有机体,易受到外界环境的作用而变色.对表面装饰装修材料而言,蓝变会大大降低其品质,严重影响木材的价格、销售和使用范围(刘元,1993);对于商品用材,蓝变是造成其经济损失最大的缺陷.     

相思树硫酸盐浆无元素氯漂白性能的研究

系统对比研究了大叶相思、马占相思、厚荚相思及纹荚相思4种相思树硫酸盐法制浆性能及无元素氯(ECF)漂白性能。结果表明,采用硫酸盐法制浆,用碱量(氧化钠计)16%、硫化度25%时,制得的4种相思树硫酸盐浆经OPDP1P2(OP为氧强化脱木质素,D为ClO2漂,P为H2O2漂)4段漂白,漂后纸浆的光学性能及强度性能优良。纸浆白度均达86.0%(ISO,以下同)以上,叩解度为30°SR时,抗张指数在55.8~60.7N·m/g之间。4种相思树中大叶相思的制浆性能最优,马占相思和纹荚相思居中,厚荚相思的制浆性能最差。     

香樟树瘤单板漂白工艺的探讨

香樟树瘤单板具有天然的美丽花纹,但因其颜色较深,限制了其在室内装饰中的应用,为了扩大其应用范围,本文选用过氧化氢作为主漂白剂,探讨各漂白工艺对香樟树瘤单板漂白效果的影响.试验表明,在本试验确定的漂白工艺条件下,香樟树瘤单板的白度可由原来的14.2%～16.7%提高至41.4%.     

Synthesis and herbicidal activities of novel 3-(substituted benzyloxy or phenoxy)-6-methyl-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyridazine derivatives

BACKGROUND: 4‐(3‐Trifluoromethylphenyl)pyridazine represents a new series of compounds with bleaching and herbicidal activities. RESULTS: A total of 43 novel 3‐(substituted benzyloxy or phenoxy)‐6‐methyl‐4‐(3‐trifluoromethylphenyl)pyridazine derivatives were synthesised, and their bleaching and herbicidal activities were evaluated through Spirodela polyrrhiza and greenhouse tests. Some compounds exhibited excellent herbicidal activities, even at a dose of 7.5 g ha^?1. CONCLUSION: The results showed that a substituted phenoxy group at the 3‐position of the pyridazine ring and the electron‐withdrawing group at the para ‐position on the benzene ring were essential for high herbicidal activity. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects of trap fishing on reef fish communities

• 1. Trap fishing is widespread on coral reefs but the sustainability of this practice is causing concern because it is efficient and unselective. The effects of trap fishing were investigated by comparing fish assemblages among six Caribbean islands subject to different trapping pressures. These ranged from none in Bonaire and Saba increasing through Puerto Rico, St Lucia, Dominica and Jamaica respectively.
• 2. Fish were censused at depths of 5 m and 15 m on fore‐reef slopes by counting the numbers within replicate 10 m diameter areas for 15 min. Between 64 and 1375 counts were made in each country.
• 3. In St Lucia and Jamaica abundance of fish censused on the reef was compared to representation in traps which were visually sampled underwater in the area of fish counts. Twenty‐three traps were sampled in Jamaica and 75 in St Lucia. For some comparisons between these islands, St Lucian sampling effort was reduced to that of Jamaica (23 traps and 112 counts) by randomly sub‐sampling 10 times.
• 4. Traps contained 54 different species in St Lucia and 22 in Jamaica, while there were 90 and 57 respectively in counts. After reducing St Lucian sampling effort to Jamaican levels, an average of 35 species were found in traps and 70 seen in counts. Of these, 76% in St Lucia and 73% in Jamaica were relatively more abundant in traps than they were on the reef.
• 5. Species were considered to be highly susceptible to trapping if the ratio of their abundance in traps compared to that on the reef exceeded 3:1. Trapping pressure was approximately three and a half times greater in Jamaica than St Lucia. After equalizing sampling effort, there was an average of 16 highly trappable species in St Lucia compared to 13 in Jamaica. Species did not always appear highly trappable in both countries. Eleven of St Lucia's highly trappable species were absent from Jamaica (falling to 8.5 on average after equalizing sampling effort), but none vice versa, suggesting that trapping may have contributed to their absence or rarity on Jamaican reefs.
• 6. The Tetraodontiformes, which include many non‐target species, were particularly susceptible to trapping in both countries. Their abundance in the six islands censused was inversely related to trap fishing pressure, as was that of two other non‐target families, butterflyfish (Chaetodontidae) and angelfish (Pomacanthidae).
• 7. To determine whether fish that are common in traps in St Lucia are reaching sexual maturity before capture, size frequency data for 23 species from a sample of trap catches were gathered and examined for their state of maturity. In seven species, more than a third of 705 trapped fish were immature, indicating that trap fishing causes growth over‐fishing (premature removal of fish), and calling into question the sustainability of yields for these species.
• 8. In conclusion, at the intensities seen in this study, trap fisheries cause serious over‐fishing, reduce biodiversity, and alter ecosystem structure. While commonly perceived as low impact, coral reef trap fisheries in the Caribbean and further afield, need tighter regulation and control.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.